1. Environmentally friendly production. Policies towards decoupling economic growth from resource use and environmental degradation. Minimizing the exploitation of natural resources throughout the entire production and consumption processes.
2. Circular economy. Sustainable business models. Remanufacturing, Recycling, or Recovering products and materials. Policies towards fostering sustainable production.
3. Green economy. Encouraging innovations for decreasing energy consumption and the overall pressure on environmental resources.
4. Sustainable consumption. Minimizing the utilization of toxic materials, the waste and pollutants generated by mass consumption. Policies encouraging consumption of eco-friendly products with biodegradable components and lower energy inputs.